Chlamydia trachomatis in newborns attending a Neonatology Unit: 4 cases

Abstract

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is a bacteria which is sexually transmitted and infects the newborn as it passes through the birth canal. It may produce conjunctivitis, otitis and pneumonia of benign evolution whose differential diagnosis may be difficult. Macrolide antibiotics are the treatment of choice. We report 4 cases of preterm babies, born by caesarean section to CT negative mothers. This suggests the possiblility of non-vertical transmission, which is of great epidemiological interest. CT was detected using immunofluorescence. Infective signs developed early, with eosinophilia appearing to be be useful in suspecting the diagnosis and monitoring therapy. Chest x-ray was not useful as a diagnostic test. In these cases it was no possible to confirm that CT was the causal agent or aggrevating underlying pulmonary pathology. Nevertheless all responded to treatment with clarithromycin. Due to its association with premature birth it would be useful to screen for CT or treat prophylactically in at risk pregnancies.