High frequency ventilation in the newborn: A necessary respiratory support

Abstract

High frequency ventilation (HFO) is a relatively new mode of respiratory assistence for the newborn with acute respiratory insufficiency. Its performance mechanism differs from conventional mechanical ventilation, therefore acquaintance with its technical and operational features is very important before using it clinically. The most commonly used HFVs in the United States and South America, the possible gaseous exchange mechanisms that support this type of ventilation as well as its principal indications and clinical handling strategies are reviewed in this article. We also review the most relevant clinical studies of the newborn with this mode of ventilation, its potential complications and the procedure for HFV withdrawal from the neonate.