Characteristics of the cerebral palsy population in Colombia: Preliminary data from the Colombian CP Registry (ReCol-PC)

Abstract

Introduction: The epidemiology of CP has been extensively studied in high-income countries. In low- and middle-income countries, data are either lacking or incomplete and unreliable.

Objective: To describe the characteristics of the CP population included to date in the ReCol-PC.

Materials and Methods: Socioeconomic and clinical data were analyzed from individuals registered in the ReCol-PC. These data were collected using the registry form and in interviews with parents, caregivers, or guardians, in a private pediatric rehabilitation institution. The study has institutional ethical approval and the consent of the participants, their families, or guardians.

Results: A total of 133 individuals with CP were registered, the majority of whom were male, between 0 and 9 years of age, living in urban areas. More than 60% of births were by cesarean section (scheduled or unscheduled), and 65.9% presented complications during delivery. 62.9% had signs of neonatal asphyxia. Although 72.7% received specialized hospital care, only 8.3% required cerebral cooling, demonstrating a high-risk perinatal group. Spastic CP is the most common (more than 40%), and 50% have gross motor function grade IV or V. 65.2% of participants are not independent in activities of daily living. 62.1% began rehabilitation before the first year of life, 79.5% are currently receiving services, and 66.7% have mobility aids. Only 20.5% have assistive devices for activities of daily living, reflecting gaps in access to complementary supports.

Conclusion: The findings reveal a population with high perinatal vulnerability and severe disability, with only limited access to services and supports. This information is key to guiding national strategies for prevention, early diagnosis, comprehensive rehabilitation, and strengthening social support networks.