Abstract
Introduction: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of motor disability during childhood. The risk factors related to CP can be divided into prenatal, perinatal and postnatal, the main ones being prematurity and low birth weight.
Aim: To analyze the relationship between gestational age and birth weight with motor compromise according to gross motor classification system (GMFCS) in children with CP.
Method: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study. Children aged 2 to 19 years with CP from five provinces of Argentina were included. Data were collected with the Argentine CP Register by means of surveys and medical records. Normal variables were described as mean with SD, non-normal variables as median with RIC and categorical variables as %. Data were analyzed with Fisher’s test (p < 0.05).
Results: 133 surveys were collected. Mean age 7.33 ± 4.66 years. Motor involvement was mild-moderate (GMFCS I-III) in 47(35.3%) and severe (GMFCS IV-V) in 86(64.7%). Mean age at diagnosis of CP was 17.5 months [15.2-19.7] and median birth weight was 2415g [1500-3100]. In terms of gestational age there were 12 (9%) extreme preterm (< 28sem), 41 (30.8%) very preterm (28-32sem), 28 (21.1%) moderate (32-37sem) and 52 (39.1%) term. There was a statistically significant association between prematurity and IV-V levels (p = 0.007). Regarding the relationship between age at diagnosis and severity level, no statistically significant association was found (p = 0.115).
Conclusion: Children with greater motor compromise are more premature than children with mild-moderate levels regardless of birth weight.
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