Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in school-aged adolescents in the central department in 2021

Abstract

Introduction: Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is related to the development of Diabetes Mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular diseases.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of MS in adolescents attending school in the Central Department in 2021 and to evaluate the related risk factors.

Material and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive design with analytical component. A total of 279 adolescents aged 10 to 16 years from randomly selected schools were enrolled in 2021. A survey was conducted on lifestyles, dietary practices and family history. Weight, height, waist circumference, glycemia, lipid profile and Body Mass Index (WHO 2007) were measured. Cook criteria were used to diagnose MS. Approved by the Ethics Committee of the Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Analysis: parametric and nonparametric measures, Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test: significance level p < 0.05.

Results: Age: median 13 years and 53% were men. Prevalence of overweight 22.9% and obesity 26.16%. Glucose intolerance was 0.01%, hypertriglyceridemia 16%, low HDL 37.9% and hypercholesterolemia 12.19%. The prevalence of MS was 10.7%. One (36.1%) presented CC > P90, of which 32% presented MS, with a prevalence ratio of 46.1 (95% CI 10.6-199.3). Hypertriglyceridemia (90%) and central obesity (93%) constituted the predominant components of MS. Only 39% consume the right amount of fruits and 28% of vegetables. Only 39% performed > 6 h/week Obesity, higher birth weight and lack of physical activity were significantly related to SM p < 0.005).

Conclusions: The prevalence of SM was 10.7% and was associated with obesity, higher birth weight and sedentary lifestyles.