Cystic nephroma in pediatrics

Abstract

Abstract Cystic nephroma is a rare benign renal tumor of uncertain etiology. In children, it can manifest as a palpable abdominal mass, hematuria, and recurrent urinary infections. Imaging tests such as ultrasound and computed tomography assist in the diagnosis, but confirmation is made through anatomopathological study. Treatment is surgical and may be partial or total nephrectomy, with a good prognosis.

Objective: To report a rare case of pediatric cystic nephroma, its clinical manifestations, radiological and histopathological aspects, as well as the treatment used and its evolution.

Clinical Case: Pre-school, male, with a history of recurrent urinary infections in the first year of life. At 2 years and 8 months, he presented nodulation in the right hypochondrium with local pain on palpation, associated with urinary disorders and hematuria. An ultrasonography showing enlarged right kidney due to multiseptated cystic formation. Computed tomography showing multiloculated cystic expansive formation in the right kidney. At 2 years and 10 months, he underwent partial right nephrectomy for excision and anatomopathological study, which was compatible with Cystic Nephroma. He evolved with regression of hematuria and recurrent episodes of urinary infections, maintaining renal function preserved. Currently, at 4 years and 6 months, asymptomatic.

Conclusions: Cystic nephroma is a rare entity, generally with a good prognosis. The association of clinical findings, radiological images, and anatomopathological study are fundamental for the establishment of diagnosis and a better definition of therapeutic conduct.