Considerations about the human genome and genetic therapy

Abstract

Genetics, as a science, experienced profound and rapid changes in the last decades of the 20th century, particularly in the area of genetic therapy, due to the contributions of the human genome proyect.

Aim: To discuss and analyze the evolution of the human genome study as well as the origin and use of genetic therapy, highlighting the improvement and contribution of particular researchers and clinicians. 

Material and Method: A literature review was used to describe and analyze the development of the above mentioned aspects in a pief manner. 

Results: The human genome proyect began in 1990 and its first stage ended in June 2000. This defined the number of human genes as approximately 30,000. Among these only a small proportion is believed to be active and only 0,1% accounts for genotypic differences. Human beings have only 3 or 4 times the gene number of worms. Some outstanding personalities of the 20th century genetics are mentioned making comments on their opinions and contributions, discussing positive and negative aspects of genetic therapy. 

Conclusion: Genetic therapy has both positive and negative sides and these should be analyzed in the light of ethical principles and taking into consideration the evolution of genetics.