Pediatric contrast-associated Acute Kidney Injury

Abstract

Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is defined as an acute condition characterized by a decline in renal function occurring within 24-48 hours and up to seven days following the administration of iodinated contrast media (CM). This narrative review addresses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, short and long-term renal outcomes, and preventive strategies for CI-AKI in the pediatric population. The prevalence of this condition in pediatrics is low, except in patients with established risk factors; therefore, it is essential to identify when and how preventive strategies should be implemented to avoid related complications. In children, the highest risk of CI-AKI is observed in patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60mL/min/1.73 m² and/or those presenting with the risk factors discussed in this review. Patients with severe CI-AKI require long-term nephrological follow-up to identify potential renal sequelae and implement therapeutic measures aimed at treating and preventing progression of existing kidney damage.